1Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
2Henan Key Laboratory of Big Data Analysis and Processing, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
3State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
4School of Software, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| Received 11 May 2023 |
Accepted 25 Sep 2023 |
Published 09 Oct 2023 |
Stomata play an essential role in regulating water and carbon dioxide levels in plant leaves, which is important for photosynthesis. Previous deep learning-based plant stomata detection methods are based on horizontal detection. The detection anchor boxes of deep learning model are horizontal, while the angle of stomata is randomized, so it is not possible to calculate stomata traits directly from the detection anchor boxes. Additional processing of image (e.g., rotating image) is required before detecting stomata and calculating stomata traits. This paper proposes a novel approach, named DeepRSD (deep learning-based rotating stomata detection), for detecting rotating stomata and calculating stomata basic traits at the same time. Simultaneously, the stomata conductance loss function is introduced in the DeepRSD model training, which improves the efficiency of stomata detection and conductance calculation. The experimental results demonstrate that the DeepRSD model reaches 94.3% recognition accuracy for stomata of maize leaf. The proposed method can help researchers conduct large-scale studies on stomata morphology, structure, and stomata conductance models.
